Package Manager Source Mirror

Below is a concise, step-by-step guideline for configuring each package manager tool (including the original ones—pip, npm, Docker, RubyGems, Maven Central, Go Modules, Crates.io, Homebrew, Android SDK, Gradle—and the newly added ones—apt, yum/dnf, Composer, NuGet, pacman, Helm, Conan) to work behind the GFW in mainland China without a VPN. Each section uses a primary mirror, with a secondary mirror noted at the end, formatted in Markdown.

pip

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Configure pip to use Tsinghua's mirror:

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Set trusted host to avoid SSL issues:

pip config set global.trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

Install packages:

pip install package-name

Secondary Mirror: Aliyun (https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/)

npm

Primary Mirror: npmmirror

Set npm to use npmmirror.com registry (formerly known as the Taobao npm mirror): 

npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

Install packages:

npm install package-name

Alternatively, use cnpm wherever npm is needed. To install cnpm globally using the new mirror:

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

Then you can install any package like:

cnpm install express

Docker

Primary Mirror: DaoCloud

Edit /etc/docker/daemon.json:

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.m.daocloud.io"]
}

Reload and restart Docker:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Run Docker commands:

docker run -it ubuntu:latest

Secondary Mirror: USTC (https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn)

RubyGems

Primary Mirror: Ruby China

Replace the default source:

gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/

Install gems:

gem install package-name

Secondary Mirror: Tsinghua (https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rubygems/)

Maven Central

Primary Mirror: Aliyun

Edit ~/.m2/settings.xml:

<mirror>
  <id>aliyunmaven</id>
  <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
  <name>Aliyun Maven</name>
  <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
</mirror>

Build project:

mvn clean install

Secondary Mirror: USTC (check https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/)

Go Modules

Primary Mirror: Aliyun

Set GOPROXY:

export GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/

Install dependencies:

go get package-name

Secondary Mirror: goproxy.cn (https://goproxy.cn)

Crates.io

Primary Mirror: USTC

Edit ~/.cargo/config.toml:

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'
[source.ustc]
registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"

Install crates:

cargo build

Secondary Mirror: Tsinghua (sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/)

Homebrew

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Install Homebrew:

git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git
cd install
/bin/bash install.sh

Replace homebrew-core:

git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git

Replace homebrew-cask:

git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git

Set bottle domain (add to ~/.zshrc):

export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
source ~/.zshrc

Update and install:

brew update
brew install package-name

Secondary Mirror: USTC (Core: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git, Cask: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git, Bottles: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles)

Android SDK

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Edit SDK Manager settings in Android Studio (Settings > Android SDK > Edit):

Set custom mirror:

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/android/

Update SDK:

Select components in SDK Manager and click Apply.

Secondary Mirror: USTC (https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/android/)

Gradle

Primary Mirror: Aliyun

Edit project-level build.gradle:

repositories {
    maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
    mavenCentral()
}

Sync and build:

gradle build

Secondary Mirror: Tencent (https://mirrors.tencent.com/repository/maven-public/)

APT

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Backup default source:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list (e.g., Ubuntu 20.04):

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

Update and install:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install package-name

Secondary Mirror: USTC (https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/)

Yum/DNF

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Backup default source:

sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo (e.g., CentOS 8):

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-8

Update and install:

sudo dnf update
sudo dnf install package-name

Secondary Mirror: Aliyun (https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/)

Composer

Primary Mirror: Aliyun

Configure Composer:

composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

Install packages:

composer install

Secondary Mirror: Tencent (https://mirrors.tencent.com/composer/)

NuGet

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Edit NuGet.Config (e.g., ~/.nuget/NuGet/):

<packageSources>
  <add key="tsinghua" value="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nuget/" />
</packageSources>

Restore packages:

dotnet restore

Secondary Mirror: USTC (https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nuget/)

Pacman

Primary Mirror: Tsinghua University

Edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist:

Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

Update and install:

sudo pacman -Syu
sudo pacman -S package-name

Secondary Mirror: USTC (https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/)

Helm

Primary Mirror: Aliyun

Add Aliyun repository:

helm repo add aliyun https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts

Update and install:

helm repo update
helm install my-release aliyun/chart-name

Secondary Mirror: None widely recommended; use internal mirrors if needed.

Conan

Primary Mirror: USTC

Edit ~/.conan/conan.conf:

[remotes]
ustc = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/conan/

Install packages:

conan install package-name

Secondary Mirror: Aliyun (self-hosted, check https://mirrors.aliyun.com/)

Package Managers